Internal-combustion engine



E. V. PLUSH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. s, 1919.

1,395,138, Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WlT/VE88E8 INVENTOR EzL'rZ VPZush E. V. PLUSH. INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 8, I9l9.

Patented Oct. 25, 192 1.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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lillllalilllp'klrl INVENTOR Earl KPZ ush 95 ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES EARLVERNIE PLUSH, 0F MEADE, KANSAS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented o r. 25, 192 1.

Application filed March '8, 1919. .Serial No. 281,334.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EARL VnnNIn PLUsH, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Meade, in the county of Meade and State of Kansas,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-CombustionEngines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, andit consists in the constructions,combinations and arrangements hereindescribed and claimed.

The foremost object of my invention is to provide anovel carbureter,socombined with the engine, that use is made of compressed air created bya part of the piston, to convey the fuel to the working chamber, saidcarbureter including means whereby the stream of compressed air may beeither partly or wholly diverted from the spray nozzle, to obtain 1variously proportioned mixtures.

Other objects and advantages will appear inthe following specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of an internal combustion engineconstructed in accordance with my invention, and illustrating theembodiment oftheimproved carbureter,

Fig. 2 is a detail section of the carbureter structure, t

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a part of the carbureter,

Fig. 4 is a detail sectional perspective view of the improved compressedair valve, and

Fig; 5 is a detail sectional perspective view of the carbureter casing.

In carrying out my invention I provide an engine cylinder which is oftwo diameters toform the working cylinder 1 and the air compressorcylinder 2. Although the draw ings show but a single cylinder or unit,it

o is to be understood that the engine can be made in as many units aspractice may determine to be best. The engine operates on the two cycleprinciple, and in this particular construction, many of thedisadvantages ordinarily encounteredin engines of this particular type,are altogether eliminated.

Air is automatically admittedv to the cylinder-2 by the openin of theintake valve 3 which i'slocated in the lateral at one side of the enginecylinder. The air intake valve 3 operates over a pocket 5 substantiallyas shown in Fig. 1, this particular arran ement being intended to enablethe operation of the valve and yet take up comparatively little room.Athrottle valve 6 in the lateral 4:, has an operating connection thatleads to any suitable place, from which the throttle valve can beoperated and the amount of air drawn into the cylinder 2, regulated.

The engine piston includes portions 7 and 8 of different diameters toaccommodate the working cylinder and compressor cylinder respectively.As is common in practice, the piston is operated from the crank shaft 9by means of the crank and connecting rod connections.

Air is drawn into thecylinder 2 on. the outward stroke of the piston,and compressed therein on the inward stroke. When the inward stroke isnearly completed, the comthe piston 8 reaches nearly the limit of itsin.-

ward stroke, when the valveis opened by i means of the cam 13 and valverod 14.

V The valve 11- is conical in shape as shown, and the seat of the valvein the cage 12 is shaped to accommodate the valve. The seat has anannular groove 15 in communication witha passage 16 that leads to theduct 10. The purpose of the annular groove 15 is, to tend to spread thecompressed air around the conical valvell so as to obtain a more uniformdischar e of the compressed air into the mouth 1? of the carbureter 18.

A flap valve 19-whichis substantially rectangular in shape as clearlyshown in Fig. 3, operates across the outlet of the mouth 17 of thecarbureter. The spray nozzle 20 is directed toward the inside of thecarbureter 18 substantially as shown, and the flap valve 19 is soarranged with respect to the spray nozzle that the incoming stream ofcompressed air can either be partly or wholly diverted from directcontact with the spray nozzle.

For example, under ordinary circumstances, the flap valve 19 willrecline in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 2. In thiscircumstance, the compressed air will flow directly past the spraynozzle 20 and a certain relative proportion of both gasolene andair willflow to the working cylinders. On the other hand, when the flap valve 19is moved over to the dotted line position in Fig. 2, the incoming streamof compressed air is diverted from direct contact with the spray nozzle,and a lesser amount of gasolene will be drawn in by reason of this fact;

Thus it will readily be seen that the mixture discharged into theworking cylinder can either be made lean or rich as may be required.Adjustments of the spray nozzle are obtained by reason of the needlevalve 21. The spray nozzle has communication with the pipe 22 by meansof which fuel is conducted to the spray nozzle. The stem 23 of theflapvalve 19, maybe provided with any suitable connection that leads offinto convenient reach of the operator, from which position the flapvalve is capable of adjustment.

The casing of the carbureter 18 is of a particular design as clearlyshown in' the sectional perspective view in Fig. 5. The bottom of themouth 17 is round to conform to the shape of the valve 11, and the mouthwhich ,is shaped very much like a dome, merges with the rectangularoutlet or throat 23 against the sides of which the flap valve 19 restswhen in either of its two extreme positions. The valve itself occupiesthe circular part of the carbureter casingand this circular part mergeswith a rectangular passage 24, which is flanged to enable the securingof the carbureter against the side of the cylinder 1.

The exhaust valve 25 is operated by a cam 26 on the crank shaft, and hasthe intercom nected actuating devices clearly shown in Fig. 1. Inoperation, the exhaust valve 25 opens shortly before the piston 7reaches the end of the working stroke, and closes shortly before the endof the compression stroke and just before the air valve 11 opens.

The charge of air compressed in the cylinder 2 while the piston moves onits inward stroke is thus quickly discharged into the working cylinder1, carrying with it a suitable proportion of fuel from the nozzle 20,and is then ignited by means of the spark plug 27, after which theforegoing cycle of operation is repeated. V

As is evident from the foregoing description, the crank case of theengine is not employed for compressing the air, as is very often thecase in engines of this type. No airis necessary for scavenging theworking chamber 1, because the exhaust valve 25 is open aboutnine-tenths of the exhaust stroke, and before the first charge isadmitted to the working chamber. Full efficiency can be ob tainedbecause the quality of the charge can be readily regulated by means ofthe novel arrangement of the carbureter mechanism.

While the construction and arrangement of the engine as herein describedand claimed is that of a generally preferred form, obviouslymodifications and changes may be made without departing from the spiritof the invention or of the scope of the claims.

I claim 1. An internal combustion engine, comprisin working and aircompressor cylinders of different diameters, a duct branching from thecompressor cylinder, a valve cage in communication with an annulargroove, a carbureter casing having a portion covering the valve cage anda channel portion communicating with the working cylinder, thecarbureter including a spray nozzle; a valve operating in said cage,arranged to be lifted from said annular groove to enable compressed airfrom the compressor cylinder to circulate in the annular groove andenter the carbureter casing in a substantially uniform stream, and meansembodied in the carbureter cooperating with the spray nozzle to divertthe air stream either wholly or in part from the spray nozzle.

2. An internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder casting withworking and compression chambers of two. diameters, a

portion of said casting including a duct ter-,

minating'in a. valve cagesupport, a valve cage mounted on said support,and having an annular groove with a channel communicating with saidduct, a cam-operated air valve seated in said cage and normally closingsaid groove, and a carbureter seated on said cage, with a portioncommunicating with the working chamber, said carbureter including aspray nozzle, and manually 0perated means for diverting a stream of airadmitted by the air valve, either wholly or in part, from the spraynozzle.

3. In an internal combustion engine including a compression cylinder, 'acompressed air duct extending therefrom and terminating in a valve cagesupport, a valve cage mounted on said support, having a conical valveseat with an annular groove and a channel communicating with said duct,a carbureter casing disposed between the valve cage anda workingcylinder ofthe engine, including a dome portion fitting on the conicalseat and terminating in a rectangular throat; a fuel spraynozzledirected into the carbureter casing, and a flap valve mounted in thecasing andarranged to en gage either one or the other side of saidrectangular throat, to either wholly or partially divert compressed airfrom the valve cage, from the spray nozzle.

4. An internal combustion engine, comprising a two diameter cylinderforming a working chamber and an a r compression chamber, an extensionreaching up from the air compression chamber embodyinga duct andterminating in a valve cage support, a

valve cage mounted on the support, includmg a conical seat with anannular groove and chamber communicating'with the duct,

a conical air valve ccupying the seat and having a cam-actuated stem, acarbureter casing attached tothe valve cage, including a dome-shapedmouth fitting over the valve seat and terminating in a rectangularthroat, said carbureter including an extension communicating With theWorking chamber, an adjustable fuel spray nozzle directed into saidchamber, and a manually operated flap valve capable of swinging from oneside to the other of said rectangular throat, to either Wholly orpartially divert the stream of air discharged fromthe Valve cage, fromthe spray nozzle.

5. The combination, of a valve controlling a circular compressed airspray, a carbureter spray nozzle situated in the spray, and means forpartially or Wholly diverting the air spray from the nozzle to obtainvariously proportioned mixtures.

6. In combination with an engine having air compressing means, a valvecage with an annular groove receiving compressed air, and having a valvecontrolling a circular spray therefrom; an operatively associatedcarbureter including a nozzle directed into said spray, and meansincluded in the carbureter for either partially or Wholly divcrt ing theair spray from the nozzle.

EARL VERNIE PLUSH.

